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Unveiling the Answers: Dr. Lindsay Keith's Breast Cancer FAQ for Patients

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What is breast cancer?

Breast cancer is a disease where abnormal cells in the breast grow and multiply uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a tumor.

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

Risk factors include age, gender (being female), family history, certain gene mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 and others), hormonal factors, obesity, alcohol consumption, and exposure to previous radiation therapy.

Can breast cancer be prevented?

While breast cancer cannot be entirely prevented, certain lifestyle choices can help reduce the risk of developing it. These include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol consumption, avoiding smoking, and conducting regular screenings.

Can men develop breast cancer?

Yes, 1% of all breast cancers are diagnosed in men. Average age is similar to women, but may be related to genetic mutations.

Is breast cancer always hereditary?

No, most cases of breast cancer are not hereditary. Only a small percentage is associated with specific inherited gene mutations.

Can breastfeeding reduce the risk of breast cancer?

Yes, prolonged breastfeeding can slightly reduce the risk of breast cancer according to several studies.

How can I reduce my risk of developing breast cancer?

Although you can’t completely prevent breast cancer, certain lifestyle changes can reduce your risk. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, limiting alcohol consumption, not smoking, and eating a balanced diet. Regular screenings can also aid in early detection.

How does diet and physical activity impact breast cancer risk?

Regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight can help lower the risk of developing breast cancer. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can also contribute to overall health and cancer prevention.

What role does hormone replacement therapy (HRT) play in breast cancer risk?

Long-term use or use of certain types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause can increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer. If you’re considering HRT to manage menopausal symptoms, discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.

What are the symptoms of breast cancer?

Symptoms can include a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, changes in breast size or shape, nipple discharge or inversion, breast pain, redness, or skin changes.

What is the importance of early detection in breast cancer?

Early detection significantly improves the likelihood of successful treatment and outcomes. It can be achieved through regular self-exams, clinical breast exams, and screening mammograms.

Generally, it is recommended that women begin regular mammograms at the age of 40 or earlier if there is a higher risk due to family history or other factors.

How often should I get screened for breast cancer?

Recommendations for screening frequency can vary based on individual risk factors. However, generally, women in their 40s should discuss the benefits and risks of mammograms with their doctor, while those 50-74 should have mammograms every 2 years. It’s crucial to discuss personalized recommendations with your healthcare provider.

What does a mammogram entail?

A mammogram is a type of X-ray used to screen for breast cancer. During a mammogram, your breasts are placed one at a time on a flat plate, then compressed with another plate to spread out the breast tissue. This can be uncomfortable but is usually brief. The images produced can help detect abnormalities in the breast tissue.

What is a self-breast examination and how do I perform it?

A self-breast exam is a self-conducted examination where you check your breasts for lumps or changes. It involves visually inspecting your breasts in the mirror with your arms at different positions, and using the pads of your fingers to feel your breasts while lying down and standing or sitting. It should be done monthly, ideally a few days after your menstrual cycle ends. It’s important to note that self-exams are not a replacement for regular mammograms or clinical breast exams.

What types of breast cancer are there?

The majority of breast cancer begins in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple and can either be invasive or non-invasive. These are called Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Non-invasive Ductal Carcinoma, also called Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS). Invasive cancer implies that it has the ability to spread outside the breast, and the first place it tends to go is the lymph nodes underneath the arm. The second most common type of breast cancer comes from the milk-producing lobules to the nipple. Non-invasive breast cancer is confined within the ducts in the breast and rarely has the ability to leave the breast.

How is the stage of cancer determined?

There are several different stages of breast cancer, determined by multiple factors. The TNM system classifies malignancies based on the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of nearby lymph nodes (N), and the presence of metastasis (M). Alongside physical examination, imaging, and biopsy results, the presence and level of expression of estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors in the biopsied specimen (called tumor biology or subtype) are considered. This information, combined post-surgery, determines the final stage of breast cancer.

How are lymph nodes tested for cancer?

Lymph nodes are tested for cancer via a surgical procedure called a sentinel lymph node biopsy. The surgeon uses a radioactive tracer, a blue dye, or both to identify and remove the “first” lymph nodes that drain the breast for testing. If these nodes do not contain cancer, it is unlikely that the remaining nodes do, minimizing the need for more invasive procedures.

What is the role of genetics in breast cancer?

Certain gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, significantly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Genetic testing can help identify individuals at higher risk, allowing for proactive measures and surveillance.

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

Breast cancer diagnosis involves various methods such as mammography, ultrasound, MRI, biopsy, and lab tests. These tests establish the presence, stage, and characteristics of the cancer.

How is breast cancer staged?

Breast cancer is staged based on the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastasis. This staging helps assess the extent of the disease and guides treatment decisions.

What is the role of genetics in breast cancer?

Certain gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, significantly increase the risk of breast cancer. Genetic testing can help identify individuals at a higher risk, allowing for more proactive measures and surveillance.

How does breast cancer spread?

Breast cancer can spread when the cancer cells invade nearby healthy tissues or when they enter the body’s lymphatic or circulatory systems. From there, they may be carried to other parts of the body where they can grow into secondary tumors, a process known as metastasis.

What is triple-negative breast cancer?

Triple-negative breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and excess HER2 protein. These results mean that the growth of the cancer is not fueled by the hormones estrogen and progesterone, nor by the HER2 protein. Therefore, triple-negative breast cancer does not respond to hormonal therapy or therapies that target HER2 protein, but it can be treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

What types of surgery are there for breast cancer?

There are two primary surgeries to treat breast cancer: breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy or partial mastectomy) and mastectomy. Breast-conserving surgery involves removing the tumor with some surrounding normal tissue, followed by radiation treatments to prevent recurrence. A mastectomy involves removing the entire breast, which can be followed by breast reconstruction. The choice of surgery depends on the individual case and patient preference.

Is it better to have a lumpectomy or a mastectomy?

The choice between lumpectomy and mastectomy depends on individual preference and tumor characteristics. Survival outcomes are the same between the two. The decision should be based on factors such as tumor size, breast size, personal comfort, and recovery times. Your doctor can provide guidance in making this decision.

What are the treatment options for breast cancer?

Treatment options for breast cancer may include surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The treatment plan depends on the individual’s specific case.

How long does breast cancer treatment typically last?

Treatment options for breast cancer may include surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The treatment plan depends on the individual’s specific case.

Are there alternative or complementary therapies for breast cancer?

Some individuals choose to explore complementary therapies such as acupuncture, meditation, yoga, or herbal supplements to complement their conventional treatment. It’s essential to discuss these options with your healthcare team to ensure they align with your overall treatment plan.

What is the role of chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment?

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. In breast cancer treatment, it can be used before surgery to shrink tumors, after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells, or as the main treatment in advanced stages. Side effects can vary and can be managed with the help of your healthcare team.

How does hormone therapy work in breast cancer treatment?

Hormone therapy works by blocking hormones that certain breast cancers need to grow. It’s often used in cases where the cancer cells have receptors for hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These therapies can slow or stop the growth of the cancer cells or reduce the risk of recurrence after initial treatments.

What are the side effects of breast cancer treatments?

Side effects vary depending on the type of treatment. Common side effects can include fatigue, nausea, hair loss, skin changes, and increased risk of infection. Long-term effects can include early menopause, changes in body image, and heart or bone health issues. Talk to your healthcare team about managing side effects.

What are clinical trials and how can they be beneficial for breast cancer treatment?

Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. They aim to find new and improved ways of preventing, detecting, and treating diseases. In breast cancer, clinical trials might test new drugs, combinations of drugs, or novel therapeutic approaches. Participating in a clinical trial could give a patient access to innovative treatments not yet available to the general public. Always discuss the potential benefits and risks with your healthcare provider.

Is it normal to feel anxious after a breast cancer diagnosis?

Yes, experiencing anxiety and a range of emotions is common after a breast cancer diagnosis. It can be helpful to seek support from healthcare professionals, support groups, or counselors.

Can breast cancer come back after treatment?

Breast cancer can recur even after successful treatment. Regular follow-up appointments and screenings are important for monitoring and early detection of any recurrence.

Can lifestyle changes improve the outcome for breast cancer patients?

Adopting a healthy lifestyle can positively impact the overall well-being and quality of life for breast cancer patients. Maintaining a nutritious diet, engaging in regular physical activity, managing stress, and getting enough rest can contribute to

Are there support groups available for breast cancer patients?

Yes, there are numerous support groups and organizations that provide emotional support, information, and resources for breast cancer patients and their families. These groups can offer a sense of community, shared experiences, and valuable support during the cancer journey.

Can breast reconstruction be performed after mastectomy?

Yes, breast reconstruction is a surgical option for women who have undergone a mastectomy. It can help restore the appearance of the breast and improve self-esteem and quality of life. Discussions about reconstruction can take place before or after cancer treatment.

What are the possible long-term effects of breast cancer treatment?

Long-term effects of treatment can vary based on the type of treatment received. These can include fatigue, lymphedema (swelling related to lymph node removal), cognitive changes, bone health issues, heart problems, and menopausal symptoms. In addition, the emotional impact of cancer and its treatment can be long-lasting.

What type of follow-up care is needed after breast cancer treatment?

Follow-up care usually involves regular medical checkups that include a review of a patient’s medical history and a physical exam. Imaging tests may be done as needed. The aim is to keep track of the patient’s recovery, manage ongoing side effects of treatment, and check for any signs of recurrence.

How can I cope with the emotional impact of a breast cancer diagnosis?

It’s normal to experience a range of emotions after a cancer diagnosis. Seek support from a mental health professional if needed. Other helpful strategies can include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, practicing stress management techniques like meditation, and seeking support from trusted friends, family, or support groups.

Please note that the answers provided are general and should not substitute professional medical advice. It’s crucial to consult with your healthcare team for personalized information and guidance regarding breast cancer and its treatment.

Answering the call to serve has been my life work, and being your doctor is an immense privilege. Thank you for entrusting me with your care.

Dr. Lindsay Keith

Get Directions

1830 Heritage Park Plaza Murfreesboro, TN 37129 (near me)

Call Us

(615) 900-2621

Request Appointment

Schedule a Consultation

Operation Hours

Mon-Fri 8AM-5PM

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